Unlocking the Mystery of Dog Itchy Skin
Fleas & Ticks
Signs & Symptoms:
· Excessive scratching, licking, or biting
· Visible fleas or ticks on the skin or coat
· Red bumps, scabs, or hair loss
· Flea dirt (black specks) on the skin
Symptoms specific to paralysis ticks
1. Weakness in the hind legs, which may progress to full-body paralysis
2. Wobbliness or lack of coordination
3. Changes in bark or voice
4. Difficulty breathing or rapid, shallow breathing
5. Vomiting/gagging
6. Coughing or grunting sounds
Potential Causes:
· Contact with any infested animals or environments
· Warm, humid climates that favour parasite breeding
Importance of Diagnosis:
Symptoms of paralysis tick toxicity can worsen rapidly- this is a medical emergency, and early intervention is critical for survival.
For fleas, a vet can identify the extent of the infestation and check for related issues such as flea allergy dermatitis.
Treatment Options for fleas/ticks:
· Bravecto topical liquid: Applied to the back of the neck every 4-5 months
· Bravecto chew: An oral chew given every 3 months
· Bravecto Quantum: A slow-release injection administered under the skin (like a vaccine) by a vet once a year
· Nexgard Spectra: An oral chew given once a month that covers intestinal worms and heartworm too
· Simparica Trio: A chewable tablet given once a month that covers intestinal worms and heartworm too
Allergies
Signs & Symptoms:
· Itchy skin, especially around the paws, ears, armpits, groin, anus, or belly.
· Recurrent ear or skin infections
· Red, inflamed skin, skin scaling, bumps, rashes, scabs or crusts, thickened skin
· Hair loss or hot spots
· Signs of itchiness include: excessive scratching, licking or chewing, head shaking and scooting
Potential Causes:
· Environmental allergens (Inhalation or skin absorption of airborne allergens) E.g. pollen, dust mites, mould spores, feathers
· Contact allergens (direct skin contact with a specific allergen). E.g grasses, weeds, cleaning products, shampoos)
· Food allergies (an abnormal immune response to a specific ingredient (usually a protein) in the diet). E.g. chicken, beef, dairy, wheat, lamb, pork, eggs, fish
· Flea allergy dermatitis (an allergic reaction to proteins in flea saliva)
Importance of Diagnosis:
Identifying the type of allergy allows vets to be able to better recommend the best treatment plan for your pet, helping to create both a short- and long-term plan. Reducing allergic flare ups will keep your pet more comfortable, and reduce their risk of developing secondary infections.
Diagnosing a specific allergen requires veterinary testing, such as intradermal skin testing or food elimination diets.
Treatment Options:
· Cytopoint injections: A monoclonal antibody injection typically given every 4-6 weeks to treat allergic dermatitis in dogs. It targets and neutralises a key protein (called interleukin 31) which is involved in causing itch in dogs.
· Apoquel: An oral tablet used to control itching and inflammation associated with allergies in dogs. It blocks specific pathways (JAK1 and JAK3) that cause itching and inflammation in allergic reactions. It is initially administered twice a day, and can be given once a day for maintenance.
· Prednisolone: A corticosteroid (a type of steroid) commonly prescribed to dogs for managing allergies, inflammation, and immune-related conditions. Usually given as a tablet or a liquid either once or twice a day, and then slowly tapered down.
Steroid creams and ointments can also be used to help manage allergies long-term
· Immunotherapy (allergy vaccines or drops): This is a long-term treatment option that aims to desensitise the immune system to your dog’s specific allergens, so that they become less reactive to those allergens over time. Immunotherapy is custom made, based on results from intradermal skin testing. It is performed with a dermatologist at a specialist hospital, and requires referral.
· High-quality, hypoallergenic dog food: A food trial (also called an elimination diet trial) is the only reliable way to diagnose a food allergy in dogs. It involves feeding your dog a strict, novel protein or prescription hydrolysed protein diet for a minimum of 8 weeks, followed by a rechallenge.
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis)
Signs & Symptoms:
· Circular, scaly patches of hair loss
· Red or inflamed skin
· Not itchy, or very mild itchiness
· Brittle or broken hairs
Potential Causes:
· Fungal infection caused by contact with contaminated surfaces, infected animals, or soil
Importance of Diagnosis:
Ringworm is zoonotic, meaning it can spread to humans. A vet may perform a fungal culture or a ringworm (dermatophyte) PCR test to diagnose.
Treatment Options:
· Topical antifungal treatments
· Oral antifungal medications
· Environmental decontamination to eliminate spore
Bacterial Skin Infections (Pyoderma)
Signs & Symptoms:
· Red, inflamed skin
· Pustules (pimples)
· Crusting and oozing lesions
· Foul odour
Potential Causes:
· Secondary to skin trauma, allergies, or parasites
· Poor hygiene or compromised immune system
Importance of Diagnosis:
Diagnosis involves examining skin sticky tape preps or swabs under a microscope, or sending swabs for skin culture, at an external laboratory
Treatment Options:
· Antibiotics (topical or oral)
· Topical antiseptic solutions (such as 5% Chlorhexidine)
Yeast Infections
Signs & Symptoms:
· Greasy or foul-smelling skin
· Red, itchy, or thickened skin (often in ears, paws, skin folds)
· Hair loss and chronic ear infections
Potential Causes:
· Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast due to moisture, allergies, or compromised immunity
Importance of Diagnosis:
Diagnosis involves examining skin sticky tape preps or swabs under a microscope.
Treatment Options:
· Antifungal medications (topical or oral)
· Medicated antifungal shampoos
· Treating underlying causes such as allergies or hormonal disorders
Miliary Dermatitis
Signs & Symptoms:
· Small, crusty scabs primarily on the back, neck, or flanks
· Intense itching and scratching
· Hair thinning in affected areas
Potential Causes:
· Most commonly flea allergy dermatitis
· Food or environmental allergies
· Skin infections
Importance of Diagnosis:
Veterinary testing helps identify the underlying cause, such as flea allergy or secondary infection.
Treatment Options:
· Flea control
· Allergy management
Dry, Flaky Skin (Xerosis)
Signs & Symptoms:
· Dandruff-like flakes
· Itchy, rough, or tight skin
· Dull, brittle coat
Potential Causes:
· Poor diet or low humidity
· Frequent bathing with harsh shampoos
· Food or environmental allergies
· Underlying hormonal conditions such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease
Importance of Diagnosis:
Dry skin may signal an underlying issue such as allergic skin disease or hormonal disorders.
Treatment Options:
· Nutrient-rich dog food fortified with omega-3 fatty acids (such as fish oils) to support skin health
· Humidifiers in dry environments
· Moisturising shampoos and conditioners
· Treatment of any underlying hormonal disorders or allergies where applicable
Stress-Induced Skin Problems
Signs & Symptoms:
· Excessive licking or chewing (often of paws or limbs)
· Lick granulomas (focal, thickened, sometimes ulcerated, hairless areas of skin)
· Hair loss and skin irritation
Potential Causes:
· Anxiety, boredom, or compulsive behaviour
· Changes in environment or routine
Importance of Diagnosis:
A vet can rule out medical causes and determine if behavioural therapy or medication is needed.
Treatment Options:
· Behaviour modification and environmental enrichment
· Anti-anxiety medications
· Elizabethan collars/cones to prevent self-trauma
· Treat any secondary infections that may develop from licking
As many skin conditions present with overlapping symptoms, professional veterinary diagnosis is crucial to ensure effective treatment. Some cases involve simple topical remedies, while others require long-term treatment strategies such as dietary changes, allergy management, or prescription medications. Early intervention helps prevent complications and improves your dog’s quality of life.
Keeping Your Dog's Coat Fantastic
1. Regular use of veterinarian-recommended flea and tick prevention:
· External parasites like fleas and ticks are common culprits behind skin irritation, and itching
· Choose vet-approved products like NexGard Spectra, Bravecto, Bravecto Quantum, or Simparica Trio for long-lasting protection. These are safe, effective, and easy to administer.
· Year-round prevention is best- even in colder months!
2. Feed a Balanced Diet Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids:
· A nutritious diet supports healthy skin from the inside out. Omega-3s help reduce inflammation, support the skin barrier, and promote a shiny coat.
· Look for foods with added omega-3s, such as those containing fish oil, flaxseed, or salmon.
Recommended brands:
o Hill’s Science Diet Sensitive Skin & Stomach
o Purina Pro Plan Sensitive Skin & Stomach (Salmon & Rice)
o Royal Canin Skin Support
o Lyka (for whole food, human-grade options)
3. Maintaining good hygiene:
· Regular grooming helps remove allergens, loose hair, and debris while allowing early detection of skin abnormalities.
· Bathe as needed with a gentle, vet-recommended shampoo—especially if your dog has allergies or sensitive skin.
· Brush regularly to prevent matting and distribute natural oils.
· Clean ears and trim nails to reduce skin trauma from scratching.
4. Environmental enrichment and playtime to manage stress
Stress and boredom can lead to excessive licking, scratching, and even hair loss. Mental and physical stimulation help to keep your dog emotionally balanced.
Ideas for enrichment:
o Interactive toys and puzzles
o Daily walks and play sessions
o Rotating toys to prevent boredom
o Safe chew toys to redirect nervous behaviours
5. Regular veterinary check-ups for early detection of potential issues
· Early detection of skin problems can prevent more serious conditions down the line.
· Regular vet visits are essential, especially if your dog has a history of allergies or skin issues.
· Discuss any changes in skin texture, redness, odour, or scratching with your vet immediately.
When to See a Vet: Don't Let Itch Rule Your Dog's World
If you notice any signs of a skin condition in your dog, such as persistent scratching, redness, hair loss, sores, flaking, or a foul odour, it’s important to contact your vet promptly. While some symptoms may seem minor at first, they can quickly escalate without proper care.
A veterinarian is your best resource for:
o Accurate diagnosis of skin issues, which may be caused by allergies, parasites, infections, or underlying health conditions
o Targeted treatment, including medications, therapeutic shampoos, or special diets
o Expert guidance on safe and effective pet care products tailored to your dog’s specific needs
Early action = Faster recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a huge difference in your dog’s comfort and recovery time. The sooner a skin issue is addressed, the easier it is to manage- and the faster your dog can return to feeling happy, healthy, and itch-free.
Recognising early signs of skin problems in your dog and taking swift action is essential to preventing discomfort and long-term complications. From maintaining good hygiene and nutrition to managing stress and scheduling regular vet visits, every step counts.
Most importantly, always consult your veterinarian when skin issues arise. Their expertise, combined with high-quality pet care products, ensures your dog receives the best possible care- helping them stay healthy, comfortable, and full of life.
